LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) is an actin-binding protein which is overexpressed in many types of cancers and plays important roles in cancer progression. however, the role of LASP1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unknown. We sought to analyze the expression level of LASP1 in ESCC, and the role of LASP1 in the development of ESCC was further investigated. We evaluated the expression levels of LASP1 in 89 ESCC tissues and two ESCC cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effects of LASP1 depletion on tumor cell behavior were investigated using gene transfection and small interfering RNA (siRNA) in ESCC cell lines in vitro. The expression levels of LASP1 at the mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in ESCC tissues and ESCC cell lines compared to adjacent tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that LASP1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumor epithelia. Silencing of LASP1 in ECA109 and KYSE510 cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion when compared with the negative control cells in vitro. LASP1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ESCC and shows promise as a treatment target in ESCC.