Multiple cerebral infarcts and intravascular central nervous system lymphoma: a rare but potentially treatable association

Abstract

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by massive intravascular growth of lymphoma cells with a predilection for the central nervous system (CNS). Diagnosis is generally delayed by variable clinical presentation and nonspecific laboratory findings. Brain biopsy is the gold standard diagnostic test. Prognosis is poor with a high mortality rate. We report a case of "in vivo" diagnosis of IVLBCL presenting with rapidly progressive encephalopathy secondary to multiple cerebral infarcts. This case highlights IVLBCL as a possible cause of unexplained multifocal and recurrent strokes. Earlier diagnosis and consequent earlier treatment may be associated with better prognosis.