The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the histological effects of zoledronic acid on the periodontal space in rats. 40 male Wistar rats were divided into three zoledronic acid groups and a control group. Zoledronic acid was injected subcutaneously at doses of 10, 50, or 500 μg/kg once a week for 3 weeks. The rats were killed 1 or 9 weeks after the last injection. Histological examination of the periodontal space around the incisor tooth revealed that zoledronic acid did not inhibit tooth development. In the rats killed 1 week after treatment discontinuation, the periodontal space gradually narrowed in response to increasing zoledronic acid doses, and the changes were statistically significant according to ANOVA but not according to ANOVA with post hoc tests. The changes persisted in the high-dose zoledronic acid group despite zoledronic acid discontinuation, with significant differences identified by ANOVA and ANOVA with post hoc tests. Therefore, although zoledronic acid had an insignificant effect on tooth development, it had a significant effect on the periodontal space when high doses were administered. The results of this experiment may provide useful information for future investigations on the role of zoledronic acid in the osteonecrosis of the jaw.
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