Cancer research program was analyzed. This research was identified using the "master of science in surgery" performed by the majority of surgical resident and fellow. It was analyzed as three axes studying: (i) how to improve the technical practice; (ii) the contribution of surgical skills in basic research, in particular via orthotopic animal models as microenvironment; and (iii) the research in basic biology, testing hypotheses and strategies not confined to surgery but totally multidisciplinary. This research is active with more than half of the fellowships grant in urology sponsored via the French Urologist Association, for projects studying cancer and more than a third of subjects pertaining to the master oncology.