For decades, the standard technique for tracheostomy was the open, surgical technique. However, during the past 20 years, the use of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy has been increased and shown to be a feasible and safe procedure in critically ill patients. The purpose of this report is to review the percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy technique, describe the role of bronchoscopy as guidance for the procedure, and identify the available evidences comparing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy to surgical tracheostomy.
Keywords: Bronchoscopy; Critically Illness; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive; Tracheostomy.