Critical hydrogen bond formation for activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor

J Biol Chem. 2013 Jan 25;288(4):2593-604. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.395939. Epub 2012 Dec 7.

Abstract

G protein-coupled receptors contain selectively important residues that play central roles in the conformational changes that occur during receptor activation. Asparagine 111 (N111(3.35)) is such a residue within the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor. Substitution of N111(3.35) for glycine leads to a constitutively active receptor, whereas substitution for tryptophan leads to an inactivable receptor. Here, we analyzed the AT(1) receptor and two mutants (N111G and N111W) by molecular dynamics simulations, which revealed a novel molecular switch involving the strictly conserved residue D74(2.50). Indeed, D74(2.50) forms a stable hydrogen bond (H-bond) with the residue in position 111(3.35) in the wild-type and the inactivable receptor. However, in the constitutively active mutant N111G-AT(1) receptor, residue D74 is reoriented to form a new H-bond with another strictly conserved residue, N46(1.50). When expressed in HEK293 cells, the mutant N46G-AT(1) receptor was poorly activable, although it retained a high binding affinity. Interestingly, the mutant N46G/N111G-AT(1) receptor was also inactivable. Molecular dynamics simulations also revealed the presence of a cluster of hydrophobic residues from transmembrane domains 2, 3, and 7 that appears to stabilize the inactive form of the receptor. Whereas this hydrophobic cluster and the H-bond between D74(2.50) and W111(3.35) are more stable in the inactivable N111W-AT(1) receptor, the mutant N111W/F77A-AT(1) receptor, designed to weaken the hydrophobic core, showed significant agonist-induced signaling. These results support the potential for the formation of an H-bond between residues D74(2.50) and N46(1.50) in the activation of the AT(1) receptor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Computer Simulation
  • Conserved Sequence
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen Bonding
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Mutation*
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / chemistry*
  • Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / metabolism
  • Receptors, CXCR4 / metabolism
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Receptors, Opioid, kappa / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • CXCR4 protein, human
  • Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
  • Receptors, CXCR4
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Receptors, Opioid, kappa