Type 1 diabetes is characterized pathologically by autoimmune insulitis-related islet β-cell destruction. Although intensive insulin therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes can correct hyperglycemia, this therapy does not prevent all diabetes-related complications. Recent studies have shown that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a promising new approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes by reconstitution of immunotolerance and preservation of islet β-cell function. Herein we discuss the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms underlying the action of HSCT and other perspectives in the clinical management of type 1 diabetes.
© 2012 Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.