The role of water in activation mechanism of human N-formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) based on molecular dynamics simulations

PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e47114. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047114. Epub 2012 Nov 26.

Abstract

The Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 (FPR1) is an important chemotaxis receptor involved in various aspects of host defense and inflammatory processes. We constructed a model of FPR1 using as a novel template the chemokine receptor CXCR4 from the same branch of the phylogenetic tree of G-protein-coupled receptors. The previously employed template of rhodopsin contained a bulge at the extracellular part of TM2 which directly influenced binding of ligands. We also conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of FPR1 in the apo form as well as in a form complexed with the agonist fMLF and the antagonist tBocMLF in the model membrane. During all MD simulation of the fMLF-FPR1 complex a water molecule transiently bridged the hydrogen bond between W254(6.48) and N108(3.35) in the middle of the receptor. We also observed a change in the cytoplasmic part of FPR1 of a rotamer of the Y301(7.53) residue (tyrosine rotamer switch). This effect facilitated movement of more water molecules toward the receptor center. Such rotamer of Y301(7.53) was not observed in any crystal structures of GPCRs which can suggest that this state is temporarily formed to pass the water molecules during the activation process. The presence of a distance between agonist and residues R201(5.38) and R205(5.42) on helix TM5 may suggest that the activation of FPR1 is similar to the activation of β-adrenergic receptors since their agonists are separated from serine residues on helix TM5. The removal of water molecules bridging these interactions in FPR1 can result in shrinking of the binding site during activation similarly to the shrinking observed in β-ARs. The number of GPCR crystal structures with agonists is still scarce so the designing of new ligands with agonistic properties is hampered, therefore homology modeling and docking can provide suitable models. Additionally, the MD simulations can be beneficial to outline the mechanisms of receptor activation and the agonist/antagonist sensing.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen Bonding
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation*
  • N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / chemistry
  • N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / metabolism
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Receptors, Formyl Peptide / chemistry*
  • Receptors, Formyl Peptide / metabolism
  • Receptors, Lipoxin / chemistry
  • Water / chemistry*
  • Water / metabolism

Substances

  • FPR1 protein, human
  • FPR2 protein, human
  • FPR3 protein, human
  • Ligands
  • Receptors, Formyl Peptide
  • Receptors, Lipoxin
  • Water
  • N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine

Grants and funding

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 211800. Calculations were partly done at Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling in Warsaw grant no. G07-13. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.