Abstract
Polygenic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multi-factorial disease due to the interplay between genes and the environment. Over the years, several genes/loci have been associated with this type of diabetes, with the majority of them being related to β cell dysfunction. In this review, the available information on how polymorphisms in T2DM-associated genes/loci do directly affect the properties of human islet cells are presented and discussed, including some clinical implications and the role of epigenetic mechanisms.
MeSH terms
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Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / genetics*
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Epigenesis, Genetic
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Genotype
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Humans
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Insulin-Secreting Cells / metabolism*
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Phenotype
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Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
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Receptor, Melatonin, MT1 / genetics
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Receptor, Melatonin, MT2
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Repressor Proteins / genetics
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Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein / genetics
Substances
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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MTNR1B protein, human
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Receptor, Melatonin, MT1
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Receptor, Melatonin, MT2
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Repressor Proteins
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TCF7L2 protein, human
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TRIB3 protein, human
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Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases