Descriptive exploratory study that aimed to describe the profile of a population less than one year old of age, assisted in the nursing appointment in Childcare at a Health Basic Unit, in Rio Grande-RS; and to evaluate the association between the nutritional situation and the presence of oral candidiasis, perineal candidiasis and irritative dermatitis due to the diapers. The sample was constituted by all the children's charts (96 overall) who were less than one year old and who were assisted in a nursing appointment in Childcare. Most of the children were girls and were found eutrophic; all the ones who needed a pediatric evaluation were sent to the proper evaluation; the irritative dermatitis of the diapers was the most frequent alteration, and it was associated to the unfavorable nutritional situation; breastfeeding took place, at most, up to the seventh month of the baby. The study indicates the need to sensitize the population to about the importance of childcare for the prevention of injuries and promotion of child health.