The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a central role in the control of systemic blood pressure. Since the 1950s, both laboratory and clinical studies have been performed to test the efficacy of vaccines against the RAS for the management of hypertension. Although initial studies using renin vaccines and angiotensin I vaccines were unsuccessful, a recent phase IIa study has shown that vaccination against angiotensin II is effective for the treatment of patients with essential hypertension. Results from animal studies have also suggested that vaccination against the AT1 receptor may be effective not only for lowering blood pressure, but also for the prevention of hypertensive end-organ damage. In the future, the RAS may be an important target for the development of vaccines not only for the treatment, but also for the prevention of hypertension and hypertensive complications.