Introduction: Knowledge on the epidemiology of childhood cancer in Latin America is limited. The Argentinean Oncopaediatric Registry (ROHA) has been active since 2000. Data for 2000-2008 are described in the present work.
Materials and methods: ROHA is fed from a network of paediatric units and population-based cancer registries. Cases are coded by the International Classification of Childhood Cancer.
Results: A total of 11447 children aged 0-14 diagnosed with cancer were reported. Histologically verified cases and cases identified only through death certificates were respectively 91% and 6%. The annual age of standardised incidence rate of all cancers was 128.5 per million. Proportions of leukaemia's, lymphoma's and Central Nervous System tumours were 37%, 13% and 18%. The distribution of rates of acute lymphatic leukaemia by the year of age showed a peak around age 3. Eighty percent of the patients are treated in public hospital and around 35% migrate for some of the treatment. Deaths within a month of diagnosis were 5% in 2000 and 3% in 2008.
Conclusions: Childhood cancer incidence in Argentina is somewhat lower than in North American and in Western European countries: the deficit is mainly due to tumours of the Central Nervous system and other solid tumours. Childhood cancer incidence did not show any tendency to increase. The possible excess of Hodgkin lymphoma in the Northeast region requires additional studies. Early deaths after diagnosis indicate an unsatisfactory state of the overall organisation of childhood cancer care. Data from ROHA are used for decision making at local and national levels.
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