The main olfactory epithelium consists of 4 major cell types: sensory neurons, supporting cells, microvillar cells, and basal progenitor cells. Several populations of microvillar olfactory cells have been described, whose properties are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to clarify the classification of microvillar cells by introducing a specific marker, CD73. Furthermore, we investigated the turnover of CD73-microvillar cells during adult life. Using direct and indirect immunofluorescence in adult main olfactory epithelium, we first demonstrate that ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is a reliable marker for microvillar cells reported previously to express phospholipase C β2 (PLC β2) along with type 3 IP(3) receptors (IP(3)R3) and transient receptor potential channels 6 (TRPC6), as well as for cells labeled by transgenic expression of tauGFP driven by the IP(3)R3 promoter. The ubiquitous CD73 immunoreactivity in the microvilli of these 2 cell populations indicates that they correspond to the same cell type (CD73-microvillar cell), endowed with a signal transduction cascade mobilizing Ca(++) from intracellular stores. These microvillar cells respond to odors, possess a basal process, and do not degenerate after bulbectomy, suggesting that they contribute to cellular homeostasis in the olfactory epithelium. Next, we examined whether CD73-microvillar cells undergo turnover in the adult olfactory epithelium. By combining CD73 immunofluorescence and BrdU pulse labeling, we show delayed BrdU incorporation in a small fraction of CD73-positive microvillar cells, which persists for several weeks after BrdU administration. These findings indicate that CD73-microvillar cells likely differentiate from proliferating progenitor cells and have a slow turnover despite their apical position in the olfactory epithelium. These combined properties are unique among olfactory cells, in line with the possibility that they might regulate cellular homeostasis driven by extracellular ATP and adenosine.