Treating wastewater by high-lipid-content microalgae, which can couple with wastewater treatment and biodiesel production, has become a new research direction in the wastewater treatment field. A high-lipid-content freshwater microalgae, Scenedesmus sp. LX1 was studied concerning its growth, removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus, and lipid accumulation property while growing in aquaculture wastewater. Results showed that the specific growth rate, maximum population density and maximum population growth rate of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 were 0.44 d(-1), 7.46 x 10(6) cells x mL(-1) and 0.82 x 10(6) cells x (mL x d)(-1), respectively. At stationary phase of training, removal efficiencies of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphorus by Scenedesmus sp. LX1 were 95.5%, 96.3%, 85.8% and 98.8%, respectively. It's biomass [dry weight] was 0.38 g x L(-1), algae lipid content was up to 31.6%. In general, Scenedesmus sp. LX1 has larger advantage in aquaculture wastewater depuration and resource utilization respect, and it can be used as the preferred algae species for coupling process.