The uterus is an indispensable organ for the development of a new life in eutherian mammals. The female mammalian reproductive capacity diminishes with age. In this respect, the senescence of uterine endometrium is convinced to contribute to this failure. This review focuses on the physiological function of the uterus and the related influence of aging mainly in rodent models. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the process of uterine aging is hoped to generate new strategies to prolong the reproductive lifespan in humans.