Recent developments in surgical treatments of dentofacial deformities, regarding the modern and far-reaching views of health protection, are taken into account by the Author. He refers to the normative provisions revealing the interest of the legal health system in this pathology. He asserts the rightfulness of the treatment and the hypotheses of unlawfulness; he mentions aspects of personal identification of a patient surgically treated whose physiognomy is modified, in the light of identification regulations. Special profiles of the patient's consent and participation in options on alternative treatments are outlined; basic deontological rules are recalled as well (risks/benefits proportion, technical ability of dentist and auxiliaries, fitness of place, accurate anaesthesiological planning).