The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of alcohol exposure during pregnancy on a mother's responsiveness towards her infant after birth. Using longitudinal data from a subsample of 687 mother-infant dyads from a UK cohort study (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children), we investigated the influence of alcohol use during mid- and late pregnancy on observed mother-infant interactions after birth. We found that women who drank one or more glasses of alcohol a week during their mid-trimester of pregnancy were 19 % (95 % CI, 1 to 40 %; p = 0.033) more likely to show non-responsive behaviour towards their infant 12 months after birth. In contrast, we found that alcohol use during late pregnancy was not associated with later maternal responsiveness. This study adds to the growing evidence for the importance of factors during pregnancy on later maternal responsiveness. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and to examine potential mechanisms linking maternal responsiveness to alcohol use during pregnancy.