The patient, a 75-year-old woman, who was referred to our hospital in April 2010 because of diarrhea and lower abdominal pain. Abdominal CT scan revealed a large tumor, over 8 cm in diameter within the pelvis, and colonoscopy detected rectal cancer. There was no obvious distant metastasis, although invasion to the uterus and regional lymph node metastasis was suspected. After admission, she had been suffering from tumor-accompanying symptoms such as fever, melena, and abdominal pain. Although loop sigmoid colostomy was performed, symptoms were unimproved, and the tumor had grown to 11 cm in diameter. Therefore, chemotherapy(mFOLFOX6)was started. After two courses of chemotherapy, the tumor-accompanying symptoms improved. Six courses of chemotherapy were administered, and subsequent examination revealed shrinkage of the tumor(effect judgment PR). Thirteen days after final chemotherapy, the tumor was successfully resected. Pathological diagnosis of the surgical specimen was tub2, pSI(sigmoid colon), pN0, and Stage II. The surgical margin was completely free of cancer(R0), and the histological effect of chemotherapy was judged as Grade 1b. The patient had received adjuvant chemotherapy with UFT+LV for half a year after discharge. She has been free from any sign of recurrence for 11 months. This case suggests that appropriate preoperative chemotherapy is useful for locally advanced rectal cancer.