Nifedipine in semi-solid formulations for topical use in peripheral vascular disease: preparation, characterization, and permeation assay

Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2013 Jul;39(7):1098-106. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2012.711833. Epub 2012 Aug 20.

Abstract

Nifedipine (NFD) has been used for the treatment of cutaneous lesions caused by peripheral vascular disease and diabetic ulcers. NFD was formulated at 8% in three semi-solid formulations: Polaxamer 407 Lecithin Organogel (PLO), PLO plus Transcutol(®), and an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. In vitro release and permeation tests were carried out using a synthetic (cellulose acetate) or natural membrane (pig ear skin), respectively, mounted in a Franz-type diffusion cell at 37°C in a constant water bath. As a receptor solution, isotonic phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 was used. All samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography by employing a previously validated method. The drug flow values were 6.126 ± 0.288, 4.030 ± 0.081, and 6.660 ± 0.254 μg/cm(2)/h for PLO, PLO plus Transcutol(®), and o/w emulsion, respectively. The three formulations did not show significant differences in drug flow, considering p > 0.05. Furthermore, their penetration profiles in both the epidermis and dermis were statistically different. Thus, the incorporation of NFD in PLO, PLO plus Transcutol(®), and o/w emulsion changed the drug thermodynamic activity, as expected. In addition, Transcutol(®) increased the solubility of NFD in the formulation and promoted its penetration in both the epidermis and dermis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Topical
  • Animals
  • Calcium Channel Blockers / chemistry*
  • Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Drug Stability
  • Gels
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Lecithins / chemistry
  • Nifedipine / chemistry*
  • Nifedipine / pharmacokinetics
  • Peripheral Vascular Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Permeability
  • Poloxamer / chemistry
  • Skin / metabolism*
  • Solubility
  • Swine

Substances

  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Gels
  • Lecithins
  • Poloxamer
  • Nifedipine