This study used multivariate regression models to identify factors associated with the height trend in residents of Pernambuco State, Brazil, in 2006, born from 1945 onward. The data were from two population-based statewide surveys. In the final model for each age bracket, year of birth, gender, schooling, and residence in urban areas were positively associated with stature in adults, as well as in children and adolescents 5 to 19 years of age. In children under five years, in addition to these variables, birth weight and prenatal care were also positively associated, while diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the interview showed a negative association. The findings show that stature was favored by settings with better socioeconomic and environmental conditions.