Abstract
Immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNARs) from sharks are a distinct class of immune receptors, consisting of homodimers with no associated light chains. Antigen binding is encapsulated within single VNAR immunoglobulin domains of 13-14 kDa in size. This small size and single domain format means that they exhibit considerable stability and are readily produced in heterologous protein expression systems. In this chapter, I describe the history and discovery of IgNARs, the development of VNAR biotechnology, and highlight important factors in VNAR protein production.
Publication types
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Historical Article
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Antibody Affinity / immunology
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History, 20th Century
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History, 21st Century
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Humans
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Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / chemistry*
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Immunoglobulin Variable Region / chemistry*
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Receptors, Antigen / chemistry*
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Receptors, Antigen / history
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Recombinant Proteins / chemistry
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Recombinant Proteins / classification
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Recombinant Proteins / history
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Recombinant Proteins / isolation & purification
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Sharks / immunology
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Single-Domain Antibodies / chemistry*
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Single-Domain Antibodies / classification
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Single-Domain Antibodies / history
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Single-Domain Antibodies / isolation & purification
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
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Immunoglobulin Variable Region
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Receptors, Antigen
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Recombinant Proteins
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Single-Domain Antibodies