Structural and functional characterization of ribosomal protein gene introns in sponges

PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042523. Epub 2012 Aug 6.

Abstract

Ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) are a powerful tool for studying intron evolution. They exist in all three domains of life and are much conserved. Accumulating genomic data suggest that RPG introns in many organisms abound with non-protein-coding-RNAs (ncRNAs). These ancient ncRNAs are small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) essential for ribosome assembly. They are also mobile genetic elements and therefore probably important in diversification and enrichment of transcriptomes through various mechanisms such as intron/exon gain/loss. snoRNAs in basal metazoans are poorly characterized. We examined 449 RPG introns, in total, from four demosponges: Amphimedon queenslandica, Suberites domuncula, Suberites ficus and Suberites pagurorum and showed that RPG introns from A. queenslandica share position conservancy and some structural similarity with "higher" metazoans. Moreover, our study indicates that mobile element insertions play an important role in the evolution of their size. In four sponges 51 snoRNAs were identified. The analysis showed discrepancies between the snoRNA pools of orthologous RPG introns between S. domuncula and A. queenslandica. Furthermore, these two sponges show as much conservancy of RPG intron positions between each other as between themselves and human. Sponges from the Suberites genus show consistency in RPG intron position conservation. However, significant differences in some of the orthologous RPG introns of closely related sponges were observed. This indicates that RPG introns are dynamic even on these shorter evolutionary time scales.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Conserved Sequence
  • Humans
  • Introns / genetics*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation
  • Nucleotide Motifs / genetics
  • Porifera / genetics*
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / genetics
  • RNA, Small Nucleolar / chemistry
  • RNA, Small Nucleolar / genetics
  • Ribosomal Proteins / genetics*
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Species Specificity

Substances

  • RNA, Ribosomal, 28S
  • RNA, Small Nucleolar
  • Ribosomal Proteins

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports grants 098-0982913-2874 (H. Ćetković). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.