The aim of the present study was to assess whether myelosuppression during concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a prognostic factor for patients with locally advanced non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We retrospectively analyzed 86 patients with NSCLC who received concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy. Patients were classified into two groups (grades 0-2 and 3-4) according to the most severe neutropenia, anemia or thrombocytopenia observed during concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and survival time and progression-free survival (PFS) time were analyzed. Univariate analysis revealed that overall survival time was significantly longer in patients with grade 0-2 anemia than in those with grade 3-4 anemia (p=0.02). Survival time did not differ significantly on the basis of the severity of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. Although pre-treatment white blood cell count was a further prognostic factor in univariate analysis, multivariate analysis revealed that the only independent prognostic factor for overall survival time was anemia. Disease stage was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (p=0.04), whereas neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were not. In conclusion, the severity of anemia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be a useful prognostic factor in patients with locally advanced NSCLC.