Control of a tyrosyl radical mediated protein cross-linking reaction by electrostatic interaction

Bioconjug Chem. 2012 Aug 15;23(8):1600-9. doi: 10.1021/bc300137s. Epub 2012 Jul 31.

Abstract

Herein, we demonstrate the control of protein heteroconjugation via a tyrosyl coupling reaction by using electrostatic interaction. Aspartic acid and arginine were introduced to a tyrosine containing peptide tag (Y-tag) to provide electrostatic charge. Designed negatively or positively charged Y-tags were tethered to the C-terminus of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and streptavidin (SA), and these model proteins were subjected to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) treatment. The negatively charged Y-tags showed low reactivity due to repulsive interactions between the Y-tags with the negatively charged BAP and SA. In contrast, the positively charged Y-tags showed high reactivity, indicating that the electrostatic interaction between Y-tags and proteins significantly affects the tyrosyl radical mediated protein cross-linking. From the heteroconjugation reaction of BAP and SA, the SA with the positively charged Y-tags exhibited favorable cross-linking toward negatively charged BAP, and the BAP-SA conjugates prepared from BAP with GY-tag (GGGGY) and SA with RYR-tag (RRYRR) had the best performance on a biotin-coated microplate. Encompassing the reactive tyrosine residue with arginine residues reduced the reactivity against HRP, enabling the modulation of cross-linking reaction rates with BAP-GY. Thus, by introducing a proper electrostatic interaction to Y-tags, it is possible to kinetically control the heteroconjugation behavior of proteins, thereby maximizing the functions of protein heteroconjugates.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Escherichia coli / enzymology
  • Free Radicals / chemistry
  • Horseradish Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Kinetics
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mutation
  • Phosphodiesterase I / chemistry
  • Phosphodiesterase I / genetics
  • Phosphodiesterase I / metabolism
  • Protein Conformation
  • Proteins / chemistry*
  • Proteins / metabolism
  • Static Electricity*
  • Streptavidin / chemistry
  • Streptavidin / genetics
  • Streptavidin / metabolism
  • Tyrosine / chemistry*

Substances

  • Free Radicals
  • Proteins
  • Tyrosine
  • Streptavidin
  • Horseradish Peroxidase
  • Phosphodiesterase I