Purpose: Effects of cis-unoprostone isopropyl, its primary metabolite M1, trans-unoprostone isopropyl, latanoprost free acid, and fluprostenol were studied on Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels, plasma membrane potential, [cAMP](i), [cGMP](i), and steady state [Ca(2+)](i), and protection against endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced steady state [Ca(2+)](i) increases in human cortical neuronal (HCN-1A), trabecular meshwork (HTMC), and pulmonary artery smooth muscle (PASMC) cells. Effects on recombinant human prostaglandin (PG) receptors were determined.
Methods: BK channel currents were measured using whole-cell patch clamp; [cAMP](i), [cGMP](i) with ELISAs; [Ca(2+)](i) with indo-1; plasma membrane potential using diBAC(4)(3); and PG receptor effects with PG receptor-expressing cells and FLIPR fluo-4 Ca(2+) assays.
Results: Unoprostone isopropyl and M1 activated sustained iberiotoxin (IbTX)-sensitive, AL-8810 (FP receptor antagonist)-insensitive BK channel currents with EC(50)s of 0.51 ± 0.03 nM (n = 5) and 0.52 ± 0.03 nM (n = 6) in HTMCs; 0.61 ± 0.06 nM (n = 8) and 0.46 ± 0.04 nM (n = 5) for M1 in HCN-1A cells and PASMC, respectively. They caused AL-8810-insensitive, IbTX-sensitive membrane hyperpolarization at 10 nM; up to 100 nM had no effect on or decreased [cAMP](i), [cGMP](i), and [Ca(2+)](i); and prevented ET-1-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases. In contrast, 10 nM latanoprost free acid and fluprostenol caused membrane depolarization; increased [cAMP](i), [cGMP](i), and [Ca(2+)](i); and did not prevent ET-1-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases. Trans-unoprostone isopropyl had no effects. Unoprostone isopropyl (1.25 μM) had no effect on PG receptors, and neither did M1, except for activating the FP receptor with EC(50) = 557.9 ± 55.2 nM (n = 4).
Conclusions: Prostones, unoprostone isopropyl and M1, are potent AL-8810-insensitive, stereospecific BK channel activators, without [cAMP](i), [cGMP](i), or [Ca(2+)](i) involvement, and prevent ET-1-induced steady state Ca(2+) increases in HTMCs.