Monitoring structural transitions in IDPs by site-directed spin labeling EPR spectroscopy

Methods Mol Biol. 2012:895:361-86. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-927-3_21.

Abstract

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a technique that specifically detects unpaired electrons. EPR sensitive reporter groups (spin labels or spin probes) can be introduced into biological systems via site-directed spin labeling (SDSL). This is usually accomplished by cysteine-substitution mutagenesis followed by covalent modification of the unique sulfhydryl group with a selective nitroxide reagent. SDSL EPR spectroscopy has been shown to be a sensitive and powerful method to study structural transitions within intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). In this chapter, we provide a detailed experimental protocol for this approach and present a few examples of EPR spectral shapes illustrative of various mobility regimes of the spin probe, reflecting different protein topologies.

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Chromatography, Affinity
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Cysteine / chemistry
  • Cysteine / genetics
  • Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Escherichia coli
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Nitrogen Oxides / chemistry
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Folding
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / biosynthesis
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry*
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / isolation & purification
  • Staining and Labeling
  • Sucrose / chemistry
  • Trifluoroethanol / chemistry

Substances

  • Nitrogen Oxides
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Sucrose
  • Trifluoroethanol
  • nitroxyl
  • Cysteine