MEK/ERK pathway mediates PKC activation-induced recruitment of PKCζ and MMP-9 to podosomes

Abstract

Podosomes are adhesive structures on the ventral surface of cells that invade and degrade the extracellular matrix. Recently, we reported that phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, induced podosome formation in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, and atypical PKCζ regulated MMP-9 recruitment to podosomes for its release and activation. The objective of this study was to explore signaling pathways that are involved in PKC activation-induced podosome formation and matrix degradation. Herein, we found that PDBu increased phosphorylation of PI3K p85, Akt, Src, ERK1/2, and JNK. Inhibitors for PI3K, Akt, and Src suppressed PDBu-induced podosome formation and matrix degradation. In contrast, blockers for MEK/ERK or JNK did not inhibit podosome formation but reduced proteolytic activity of podosomes. Inhibition of PKCζ activity with its pseudosubstrate peptide (PS)-inhibited PDBu-induced phosphorylation of MEK/ERK and JNK. On the other hand, inhibition of MEK/ERK or JNK pathway did not affect PKCζ phosphorylation, but reduced the recruitment of PKCζ and MMP-9 to podosomes. We conclude that PKCζ may regulate MEK/ERK and JNK phosphorylation and in turn activated MEK/ERK and JNK may regulate the proteolytic activity of PDBu-induced podosomes by influencing the recruitment of PKCζ and MMP-9 to podosomes.