The role of non-native interactions in the folding of knotted proteins

PLoS Comput Biol. 2012;8(6):e1002504. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002504. Epub 2012 Jun 14.

Abstract

Stochastic simulations of coarse-grained protein models are used to investigate the propensity to form knots in early stages of protein folding. The study is carried out comparatively for two homologous carbamoyltransferases, a natively-knotted N-acetylornithine carbamoyltransferase (AOTCase) and an unknotted ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTCase). In addition, two different sets of pairwise amino acid interactions are considered: one promoting exclusively native interactions, and the other additionally including non-native quasi-chemical and electrostatic interactions. With the former model neither protein shows a propensity to form knots. With the additional non-native interactions, knotting propensity remains negligible for the natively-unknotted OTCase while for AOTCase it is much enhanced. Analysis of the trajectories suggests that the different entanglement of the two transcarbamylases follows from the tendency of the C-terminal to point away from (for OTCase) or approach and eventually thread (for AOTCase) other regions of partly-folded protein. The analysis of the OTCase/AOTCase pair clarifies that natively-knotted proteins can spontaneously knot during early folding stages and that non-native sequence-dependent interactions are important for promoting and disfavouring early knotting events.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases / chemistry
  • Computational Biology
  • Computer Simulation*
  • Kinetics
  • Models, Molecular*
  • Monte Carlo Method
  • Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase / chemistry
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Folding*
  • Static Electricity
  • Stochastic Processes

Substances

  • Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases
  • N-acetylornithine transcarbamylase
  • Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase