The structure of poultry major histocompatibility complex(MHC) is closely associated with avianimmunology and avian disease control. This review summaried the structures of poultry MHC, including chicken, turkey, duck, goose, and quail. It was suggested that there were some common characteristics among these MHCs: all of them have conservative MHC region containing MHC I, MHC II, and unknown functional genes; they are simple and contracted; the lengths of introns of MHC I gene are shorter than those of mammals; all have 8 exons and 7 introns in MHC I genes in chicken, turkey, duck, and goose; all have 6 exons and 5 introns in MHC II genes; the structure patterns of BG genes in chicken, turkey, and quail are identical; and all have microsatellite repetitive motifs. However, there are differences among species: MHC I and MHC II genes are duplicated, while there are several copies in duck, goose, and quail; and the numbers of BG genes are different. It will be helpful to further study avian disease and avian immunologenetics through analysing MHC structures of the major poultrys.