The development of effective and versatile delivery systems for the controllable and/or targeted delivery of drugs, genes and proteins has a huge potential to improve the disease outcomes. Many drug carriers have been described for different applications in this field. As one of the most reliable alternatives, calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles have been paid so many attentions due to their high bioactivity, biocompatibility, chemical stability and strong adsorption ability under physiological conditions. Some of these properties can in principle be tailored through surface modification, structural design to achieve a sustained, controlled, pulsed or targeted release of drug. In the present article, researches performed in CaP nanoparticles are reviewed based on the recent references.