Vitamin D and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are two common conditions, especially in postmenopausal women. Vitamin D deficiency is said to be even more frequent in PHPT patients than in the general population due to an accelerated conversion of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) into calcitriol or 24-hydroxylated compounds. Although several studies have reported worsening of PHPT phenotype (larger tumours, higher parathyroid hormone [PTH] levels, more severe bone disease) when vitamin D deficiency coexists whereas vitamin D supplementation in PHPT patients with a serum calcium level less than 3 mmol/L has been shown to be safe (no increase in serum or urinary calcium) and to decrease serum PTH concentration, many physicians are afraid to give vitamin D to already hypercalcemic PHPT patients. It is possible that, in some patients, a persistent vitamin D deficiency induces, in the long-term, an autonomous secretion of PTH (i.e. tertiary hyperparathyroidism). The mechanism by which this could occur is unclear however. Finally, as many, otherwise normal, subjects with vitamin D insufficiency may have an increased serum PTH level we believe that those with vitamin D insufficiency should be excluded from a reference population for serum PTH levels. By doing that, we found that the upper normal limit for serum PTH was 25-30% lower than in the whole population.