Through advances in human genomic sequencing, the unique molecular biology that predisposes certain individuals to either health or disease has now been illuminated. Although many malignancies behave similarly on a phenotypic level, biologically there exist multiple layers of interconnected molecular and cellular pathways that may make each patient’s disease significantly more unique than previously appreciated. In gynecologic oncology, the most progress in developing targeted biologics has been in the treatment of ovarian cancers. Future investigations will see further development in endometrial and cervical cancers. Technology such as whole genome sequencing can theoretically identify the individual tumor’s genetic profile; however, identifying the priority pathways for therapeutic interventions and subsequent complex interactions remains a significant challenge. New therapeutic technologies such as siRNA and immune modulators will also play a promising role in the movement toward individualized therapies. It is hoped that the identification and use of targeted agents will lead to individualized care that in turn will lead to significantly improved outcomes manifested by more cures and better quality of life through amelioration of toxicities.