Molecular engineering of an orthopaedic implant: from bench to bedside

Eur Cell Mater. 2012 May 24:23:362-70. doi: 10.22203/ecm.v023a28.

Abstract

The use of metallic implants has revolutionised the practice of orthopaedic surgery. While the safety and biocompatibility of these devices are excellent, a small percentage becomes infected. These infections are due to the formation of a biofilm that harbours bacteria encased in a complex extracellular matrix. The matrix serves as a barrier to immune surveillance as well as limiting the biocidal effects of systemic and local antibiotics. The objective of the review is to describe a novel approach to controlling implant infection using an antibiotic that is linked to titanium through a self-assembled monolayer of siloxy amines. We show that the hybrid-engineered surface is stable, biocompatible and resists colonisation by bacterial species most commonly associated with implant-related infections. Studies with rodent bone infection models suggest that the engineered titanium surface prevents bone infection. Results of a very recent investigation utilising a sheep model of infection indicate that the titanium-tethered antibiotic controls infection without compromising bone formation and remodelling. From all of these perspectives, the tethered antibiotic holds promise of providing a novel and practical approach to reducing implant-associated infections.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Biofilms / drug effects
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Extracellular Matrix / immunology
  • Extracellular Matrix / microbiology
  • Humans
  • Orthopedic Procedures* / adverse effects
  • Orthopedic Procedures* / methods
  • Prostheses and Implants / microbiology
  • Prosthesis-Related Infections* / immunology
  • Prosthesis-Related Infections* / microbiology
  • Sheep
  • Siloxanes / chemistry
  • Titanium / adverse effects
  • Titanium / chemistry*
  • Vancomycin / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Siloxanes
  • Vancomycin
  • Titanium