The authors compared the survival of four groups of patients and of renal grafts: 1. diabetics after renal transplantation (24 subjects), 2. diabetics after transplantation of the kidney and pancreas (35 subjects), 3. diabetics where transplantation was indicated but who were treated only by dialysis and 4. non-diabetics after transplantation of the kidney (170 subjects). The two-year cumulative survival of the entire group of diabetics regardless of the type of treatment was 59%. The two-year survival of diabetics after transplantation of the kidney alone was 95%, after transplantation of the kidney and pancreas 70% and in non-diabetics after transplantation of the kidney 90%. In diabetics treated by dialysis it was 33%. The two-year survival of the function of renal grafts in the entire group of diabetics treated by transplantation of the kidney was 61%, in non-diabetics 68% and the three-year survival was in both groups 61%. As compared with the EDTA register, the results of transplantation treatment are favourable, the results of dialyzation treatment are poor. From the results the authors draw conclusions for indication of different ways of replacement of renal function in diabetics in relation to the general health status of the patients.