Low lung function is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality in the population. Lung development seems to be important factor in pathogenesis of respiratory disorders. Airway development is a complex process. Birth weight (BW) is one of perinatal factors which influences development of pulmonary system and multiorgan function of the body. Aforementioned relationships are visible especially at first years of life. However, not very many studies have examined the associations between birth weight and lung function in later age then childhood and adolescence. The aim of this review is to discuss relationships between BW and lung function parameters in healthy individuals and patients with lung disease in childhood and adulthood.