Anemia in oncology is no longer seen only as a side effect of chemotherapies. This comorbidity may be multifactorial, clinically and, for example, may be rather chronic when the patient has chronic renal failure associated, resulting in renal anemia. Similarly, the presence of iron deficiency, which can be solely responsible or contributing factor of anemia, is also a factor to be taken into account in both the diagnosis and exploration of anemia and in its treatment, requiring the use of injectable iron complexes for treatment, if necessary in combination with an erythropoiesis agent stimulating.