Rationale: Stress urinary incontinence is still a "battlefield" for many minimally invasive therapies, but, unfortunately, few can restore the anatomical and functional background of this disorder.
Objective: Assessing the latest minimally invasive procedures of intra and perisphincterian injection of autologous stem cells.
Method and result: The first stem cell implantation (myoblasts and /or mature fibroblasts grown and multiplied in the laboratory from biopsy samples taken from the pectoralis muscle) in the urethral sphincter was performed on October 18, 2010, in "Fundeni" Clinic of Urology and Renal Transplantation, in Romania.
Discussion: The follow-up at six weeks with the quality of life questionnaires, micturition diary and clinical examination revealed a decrease of urine loss from six pads/ day at one per day, which significantly improved the patient's quality of life according to visual analogue scale. Clinical and urodynamic evaluations will continue and will be future scientific topics.
Keywords: myoblasts; stem cells; transplantation; urethral sphincter.