Background: The use of livers from nonviable fetuses is particularly attractive for its potential to solve the current limitations of organ availability for the pediatric recipient. Therefore, it is essential to study the feasibility of orthotopic fetal liver transplantation.
Method: We measured the hepatic and extra-hepatic anatomical structures of fetal and neonatal lambs and established an orthotopic liver transplantation model of the fetal lamb.
Results: Mean weight of the liver of fetal lambs at 142 to 145 days gestation was 34.75 g and the mean diameter of the portal vein was 3.03 mm, the supra-hepatic vena cava was 5.88 mm, and the infra-hepatic vena cava was 4.00 mm, which matched the corresponding sizes in neonatal lambs aged up to 2 weeks. Using standard surgical procedures we completed the vascular inosculation of fetal liver. However, all the newborn lamb recipients survived less than 24 hours.
Conclusions: Orthotopic transplantation of the fetal liver is anatomically and technically feasible. However, perioperative issues need to be resolved prior to clinical application.