Reproductive lesions are commonly seen in small animal practice. Lesions in the ovaries, uterus, and vagina may seriously influence normal reproductive capacity of dogs and cats and may put at risk the general health of the patients. The objective of this article is to give the veterinary practitioner a current and concise guide to the clinical signs, intraoperative changes, diagnosis, and treatment/management of lesions in the reproductive tract of the bitch and queen commonly seen in practice.