Problems of surgical treatment of familial spontaneous pneumothorax, which is a manifestation of a hereditary form of bullous disease of the lungs, are discussed. Study of 2 families showed that the disease is inherited according to the autosome-dominant type with incomplete penetrance and/or variation expressivity. Operation was performed on 5 of 9 patients. Bullectomy and pleurodesis by means of parietal pleurectomy were conducted. Follow-up for periods of 1 to 27 years showed surgical treatment to be effective.