The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of nanodiamond (ND) particles manufactured by detonation method (size of grains 2-10 nm) on organism health status. Wistar rats were administrated with diamond nanoparticles colloid by intravenous and intraperitoneal injection. Both routes of administration increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and at the same time decreased activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) within erythrocytes. ND did not significantly affect neither total antioxidative state (TAS) nor thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in examined animals blood plasma. This study was also designed to examine the effect of ND on the phagocytosis activity and oxidative burst of innate immune cells. Both intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of ND hydrocolloid decreased the number of the phagocytosing neutrophiles stimulated by E. coli. Independently of the injection method nanodiamond increased the number of cells with stimulated oxidative burst and it suppressed the mechanism of oxygen dependent bacteria elimination.