Aim: To assess the role of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels in regulating the excitability of vagal and spinal gut afferents.
Methods: The mechanosensory response of mesenteric afferent activity was measured in an ex vivo murine jejunum preparation. HCN channel activity was recorded through voltage and current clamp in acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and nodose ganglia (NG) neurons retrogradely labeled from the small intestine through injection of a fluorescent marker (DiI). The isoforms of HCN channels expressed in DRG and NG neurons were examined by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Ramp distension of the small intestine evoked biphasic increases in the afferent nerve activity, reflecting the activation of low- and high-threshold fibers. HCN blocker CsCl (5 mmol/L) preferentially inhibited the responses of low-threshold fibers to distension and showed no significant effects on the high-threshold responses. The effect of CsCl was mimicked by the more selective HCN blocker ZD7288 (10 μmol/L). In 71.4% of DiI labeled DRG neurons (n = 20) and 90.9% of DiI labeled NG neurons (n = 10), an inward current (I(h) current) was evoked by hyperpolarization pulses which was fully eliminated by extracellular CsCl. In neurons expressing I(h) current, a typical "sag" was observed upon injection of hyperpolarizing current pulses in current-clamp recordings. CsCl abolished the sag entirely. In some DiI labeled DRG neurons, the I(h) current was potentiated by 8-Br-cAMP, which had no effect on the I(h) current of DiI labeled NG neurons. Immunohistochemistry revealed differential expression of HCN isoforms in vagal and spinal afferents, and HCN(2) and HCN(3) seemed to be the dominant isoform in DRG and NG, respectively.
Conclusion: HCNs differentially regulate the excitability of vagal and spinal afferent of murine small intestine.
Keywords: CsCl; Gastrointestinal tract; Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation; Spinal afferent; Vagal afferent.