An aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial isolate, strain YLB-01(T), was characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Microbacterium and represented an evolutionary lineage that was distinct from recognized species of the genus Microbacterium. The isolate showed <97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to the type strains of all of the members of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. Cell-wall hydrolysate from the isolate contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine homoserine and glutamic acid, and the cell-wall sugars consisted of ribose, glucose and galactose. The main respiratory quinones were MK-8, 9, 10 and 11. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0) (38.5 %), anteiso-C(17:0) (23.1 %) and C(16:0) (18.9 %). The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain YLB-01(T) was 71 mol %. On the basis of the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic data and the results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this isolate represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YLB-01(T) (= DSM 23767(T) = CCTCC AB2010363(T) = MCCC 1A06153(T)).