Immunotherapy involves the specific treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases, indicated for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, insect sting (bee and wasp) allergy, and food allergy (especially cow's milk, egg and wheat). Subcutaneous injection immunotherapy with pollens (both trees and grass), animal danders, insect venoms and house dust mite preparations for allergic rhinitis and asthma is effective for both adults and children. Sublingual immunotherapy indicated for allergic rhinitis caused by grass pollens (especially timothy), is effective and appears to be a safe route of administration. Specific oral tolerance induction is used in children over five years of age with severe food allergy.