Antihypertensive and cardiorenal protective effects of SM-368229, a novel mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, in aldosterone/salt-treated rats

Pharmacology. 2012;89(1-2):44-52. doi: 10.1159/000335559. Epub 2012 Feb 1.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of SM-368229, a novel mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, on the blood pressure and cardiorenal injury markers in aldosterone/salt-treated hypertensive rats, in comparison to those of spironolactone (SPI). Uninephrectomized rats, given 1% NaCl to drink, were infused with aldosterone (0.75 μg/h, s.c.). In experiment 1, SM-368229 (10, 30 mg/kg) or SPI (100 mg/kg) were administered for 14 days immediately after aldosterone/salt loading. In experiment 2, SM-368229 (10 mg/kg) or SPI (100 mg/kg) were administered for 10 days after 10 days of aldosterone/salt loading. In both experiments, SM-368229 prevented the increase in systolic blood pressure, heart/kidney weights, and urinary protein/N-acetyl-β-D- glucosaminidase excretion caused by aldosterone infusion. In real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, SM-368229 abolished aldosterone-induced gene expression levels for inflammatory, fibrosis and oxidative stress markers in hearts and kidneys. The antihypertensive effect of SM-368229 (30 mg/kg) was superior to that of SPI, and the antihypertensive and cardiorenal protective effects of SM-368229 (10 mg/kg) were similar to those of SPI (100 mg/kg) in both experiments. These results clearly demonstrated that SM-368229 strongly attenuated the progression of hypertension and exerted cardiorenal protection in aldosterone/salt-treated hypertensive rats.

MeSH terms

  • Acetylglucosaminidase / urine
  • Aldosterone
  • Animals
  • Antihypertensive Agents / pharmacology
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Benzoxazines / pharmacology
  • Benzoxazines / therapeutic use*
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Blood Pressure / physiology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Gene Expression / drug effects
  • Heart / drug effects*
  • Hypertension / chemically induced
  • Hypertension / drug therapy*
  • Hypertension / pathology
  • Hypertension / physiopathology
  • Hypertension / urine
  • Kidney / drug effects*
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Kidney / pathology
  • Male
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists*
  • Myocardium / metabolism
  • Myocardium / pathology
  • Organ Size / drug effects
  • Proteinuria / drug therapy
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Spironolactone / pharmacology
  • Spironolactone / therapeutic use
  • Sulfonamides / pharmacology
  • Sulfonamides / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Benzoxazines
  • Biomarkers
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
  • N-4,4-dimethyl-2-thioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-6-ylthiophene-2-sulfonamide
  • Sulfonamides
  • Spironolactone
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Aldosterone
  • Acetylglucosaminidase