Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure via ingestion and inhalation has been described in the literature to cause kidney disease in both animals and humans. This paper reviews Ochratoxin A and its relationship to human health and kidney disease with a focus on a possible association with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in humans. Prevention and treatment strategies for OTA-induced illness are also discussed, including cholestyramine, a bile-acid-binding resin used as a sequestrant to reduce the enterohepatic recirculation of OTA.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anion Exchange Resins / therapeutic use
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Aspergillus / isolation & purification
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Brain Diseases / chemically induced
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Breast Feeding / adverse effects
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Carcinogens / toxicity*
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Child, Preschool
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Cholestyramine Resin / therapeutic use
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Female
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Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / chemically induced*
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Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / drug therapy
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Humans
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Inhalation Exposure / adverse effects
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Kidney Diseases / chemically induced
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Kidney Diseases / drug therapy
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Mice
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Middle Aged
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Ochratoxins / toxicity*
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Penicillium / isolation & purification
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Complications / chemically induced
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Rabbits
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Rats
Substances
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Anion Exchange Resins
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Carcinogens
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Ochratoxins
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Cholestyramine Resin
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ochratoxin A