Objective: To report a rare case that supposed an emergency. It is a case of hematuria caused by an arteriovenous fistula.
Methods: We describe the background, clinical exploration, complementary exams and their results, as well as the treatment applied in an adolescent with hematuria.
Results: Congenital arteriovenous fistula was diagnosed and treated by percutaneous embolization, with immediate stop of the hematuria.
Conclusion: Non-traumatic renal arteriovenous fistulae are infrequent and even more if they appear with gross hematuria. We present the case of an emergency caused by one of them which was treated by percutaneous embolization, avoiding surgery.