Electrowetting-on-dielectric actuation of droplets with capillary electrophoretic zones for off-line mass spectrometric analysis

Abstract

Present article describes a novel technique based on digital microfluidics that allows collecting fractions of interest after electrophoretic separation and detection for further ESI-MS investigation. In this technique, a mixture is injected into a capillary electrophoresis (CE) apparatus, and microliter droplets are generated at the CE outlet at a frequency high enough to fraction each compound into several droplets, compartmentalizing the CE zones into a sequence of droplets. The droplets are transported from the CE outlet to a storage tube inlet using electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) for droplet actuation. By applying a vacuum at the other end of the storage tube, the droplets form a sequence of plugs separated by air gaps. The plugs stored in the tubing are later analyzed using a standalone spectrometric device. Off-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to characterize the corresponding vitamin and was performed by pumping the segmented plugs directly into a spray emitter tip. The technique could be of interest to laboratories without access to well-equipped facilities (e.g. clean-rooms or lab robots).