Abstract
Excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation cause skin aging via basement membrane/extracellular matrix degradation resulting from the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recently, phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) was demonstrated to attenuate the cell damage induced by oxidative stress by quenching ROS and stimulating antioxidant systems. In the current study, the effect of phloroglucinol on UVB-induced photoaging was investigated in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Phloroglucinol significantly inhibited the UVB-induced (1) upregulation of MMP-1 mRNA, protein and activity; (2) augmentation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels; (3) phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); (4) expression of c-Fos and phospho c-Jun; and (5) enhancement of activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding to the MMP-1 promoter. In addition, the knockdown of MAPKs significantly inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 expression. The results of this study suggest that phloroglucinol may be useful as a photoprotective compound for the skin.
© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Photochemistry and Photobiology © 2012 The American Society of Photobiology.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Calcium / metabolism
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Cell Line
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Cell Survival / drug effects
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Cell Survival / radiation effects
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Gene Expression* / drug effects
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Gene Expression* / radiation effects
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Gene Knockdown Techniques
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Humans
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Keratinocytes / drug effects
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Keratinocytes / metabolism
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Keratinocytes / radiation effects
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / genetics
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
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Oxidative Stress
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Phloroglucinol* / pharmacology
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Phosphorylation
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / antagonists & inhibitors
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / antagonists & inhibitors
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Reactive Oxygen Species / antagonists & inhibitors
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Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
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Skin / drug effects
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Skin / radiation effects
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Transcription Factor AP-1 / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Transcription Factor AP-1 / genetics
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Ultraviolet Rays / adverse effects*
Substances
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun
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Reactive Oxygen Species
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Transcription Factor AP-1
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Phloroglucinol
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
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Calcium