Among the numerous intracellular signalling pathways that control brain development and pathogenesis c-Jun N-terminal kinases have a leading role in the Central Nervous System. JNKs regulate a wide range of processes in brain development, plasticity, repair/regeneration, neuronal death and neuroinflammation. Indeed, accumulating evidence underline the potential of JNK targeted molecules towards the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The focus of the presenting review is to provide an overview of the reported data linking JNKs to brain function and dysfunction.